WPCM TJhB%Pe{%wG6(.=0Hk)2ظOwծLmHdC*NuA$f9VKz ϙ]VGi7C} QhaG/!?w6J&V2X`mx`L]h,w"GY*~v'Aa$2[!MPTR11({")dQˊ_xtc4{4Vr[+AD_GglޤN%Y;Vp,2]LK=C% cͿ1@qb.= ޖ7 %|#! 0( 0 0P B*N$ B& U.C "q ] w@::EI KW3(g m4!!L! )l tU8 ^ ASBNcriadm6.3Diazb]ecause Fn McDonoughL.Ed 2d S.CtBrennanconcPhilipsO'ConnorBlackwellCal.App 3d Cal.RptrGallowayCA3dConstT]heOdomE]xperienceimpanelmentGuzmanCastaldiarelWksCurtisShipleyPermanenteA.L.R.2dKollertCundiffPEC XHP LaserJet 5 (Copy 1),,,,0($4F2PleadingX7XXdXXd7X G[:;((3/Q$ !   d &0 d d d<6X9`+Courierp?xxx,,Xx4){}?xxx,,/XxUToR&HHH,,fhH4)  gS, d  X d X>' xd>> ' xd>  8 1  8 2  8 3  8 4  8 5  8 6  8 7  8 8  8 9  10  11  12  13  14  15  16  17  18  19  20  21  22  23  24  25  26  27  28 E E      /Q, d  X d X?' xdE0,?? ' xdE&,?  , 88 1  , 88 2  , 88 3  , 88 4  , 88 5  , 88 6  , 88 7  , 88 8  , 88 9  , 10  , 11  , 12  , 13  , 14  , 15  , 16  , 17  , 18  , 19  , 20  , 21  , 22  , 23  , 24  , 25  , 26  , 27  , 28. m#|x4G:\WP60\LIBRARY.STYUV1 -("@HOZqE?00004/Nmpϟ @2RQ@LL "@HOZqE?00004/Nmpϟ @2RQ@LL "@HOZqE?00004/Nmpϟ @2RQ@LL <6X9`+Courier< 9+CourierBold<6X9`+Courier<4 9Z+ Courier New s3 !  _ FX8XXdd8X   XRXX X@N N SUPERIORCOURTOFCALIFORNIA,COUNTYOFTHEPEOPLEOFTHESTATEOF  ) D CaseNo:  CALIFORNIA,  <     ) H   4    <     ) D   \  4  Plaintiff,    ) D EVIDENCEOFBEINGAMOLEST    4    <     ) D VICTIMISPROPERIMPEACHMENTTO     4 vs.   <     ) D ESTABLISHBIASONTHEPARTOF X    4    <     ) D ANYPOTENTIALJURORORWITNESS  l  Ѐ <     ) D [EVIDENCECODE780(f)]  0   4    <     ) 4  Defendant.    ) D Date: h   4    <     ) D Time: ,|  ______________________________) D Dept: @  @* I.ISSUE  <  8 4  INACRIMINALPROCEEDINGINVOLVINGALLEGATIONSOF  CHILDMOLEST,ISAWITNESSORAPROSPECTIVEJURORPRESUMEDTOBEBIASEDAGAINSTTHEDEFENDANTIFHEORSHEHASBEENAVICTIMOFPRIORSEXUALMISCONDUCT? 4(#4(# @(II.ARGUMENT 4 @"A._Prosepctive_ԀJurorBias  4  "Bias"isCriticalinDeterminingCredibility: l  4 EvidenceCode780discussesrulesfordeterminingthecredibilityofwitnesses:8 4  Exceptasotherwiseprovidedbystatute,thecourtorjurymayconsiderindeterminingthecredibilityofawitnessanymatterthathasanytendencyinreasontoproveordisprovethetruthfulnessofhistestimonyatthehearing,includingbutnotlimitedtoanyofthefollowing: 4(#4(#  4    <     ***8 4  (f)Theexistenceofnonexistenceofabias,interest,orothermotive. 4(#4(# PriorVictimsMaybePresumedtoPossessBias: (#/   Adefendanthasastateandfederalconstitutionalrighttohavethechargesagainsthimtriedbyafairandimpartialjury.(Dyerv._Calderon_(9thCir.1998)151F.3d970;Peoplev.Wheeler D-(5 (1978)22Cal.3d258,265;Peoplev.Blackwell(1987)191Cal.App.3d .*7 925,929;U.S.Const.6thand14thAmendments,_Cal.Const_.,artI,  section16.)  InPeoplev.Diaz(1984)152Cal.App.3d926,ajurorconcealed  duringvoirdirethatshehadbeenthevictimofacrimesimilartothatwithwhichthedefendantwascharged.Thecourtfoundthismisconductfromwhicha_rebuttable_Ԁpresumptionofprejudicearose,notedthatithadpreventeddefensecounselfromfairlyevaluatingwhethertousehisoneremainingperemptorychallengetoremoveherfromthepanelandstatedthat:   A Theprobabilityofbiasissubstantialwhenajuror   A hasbeenvictimizedbythesametypeofcrime.Asa   A resultofsuchasimilarexperience,biasmaybe   A consciousandthejurormayattempttopersuadethe   A otherjurorsdefendantisguiltyregardlessofthe   A evidence.Morelikely,however,thepriorexperience   A maycauseunconsciousbias.Onlyindividualsof   A strongcharacterwouldnotbeaffectedinsomeway   A bytheirpreviousidenticalexperience.Subconsciously,   A thejurormaytendtofavortheprosecutionbecauseof   A emotionalandpsychologicalbondsperceivedtoexist   A withthedefendantsvictim.Indeedthejurormay   A sincerelytrytobeimpartial,andyetbeunableto   A doso.(Citationomitted.)(Id.,atp.939.) l    A     I      Q      Y  !   TheFirstAppellateDistrictcitedPeoplev.Diazwith |# approvalinBlackwell,supraat929930.AsinDiaz,thedefendant !T% inBlackwellobtainedareversalbecauseoftheconcealmentbya "' jurorthatshehadbeeninvolvedinadomesticviolencesituationsimilartothatofthedefendant,whowasontrialforkillingherhusband.Notably,morerecently,theNinthCircuitinDyer,supra, $'t"- heldthatthepresenceofabiasedjurorcannotbeharmlesserror,butrathertheerrorisstructuralrequiringpersereversal.(Dyer,supra,151F.3datp.973,fn.2,citingArizonav. + '3 _Fulminante_(1991)499U.S.279,307310.) D-(5   Aprospectivejurorswhohasbeenthevictimofatraumatic .*7 crimecannotbeimpartialwhenheorshelaterdiscussessuchcrimes,letalonewhiledeliberatingatatrialinvolvingasimilarallegedvictim.Thisiscommonsense,mixedwithelementarypsychology.Involuntarymentalprocessessuchastransference,identification,revenge,andsympathyareboundtooccurinthemindsofpastvictims,withoutovertmanifestation.  Thecrimechargedinthiscase,thatofsexuallymolesting__________________,obviouslyqualifiesasa"traumatic"eventintheopinionofmostcitizens.Therefore,anyonewhohasbeenapriorvictimofsimilarconductcanbeassumedtohavebeentraumatizedbysuchoccurrence.Societyvalidatesthisassumptionbyroutinelyrecommendingemotionaltherapyformolestvictims.Itisnotagreatmentalleaptoinferthatsuchvictimsoftendevelopnegativefeelingstowardanypersonallegedtohavecommittedlewdandlasciviousconductagainstachild.  p Defendant's"PeremptoryChallenge"RighttoProbeforBias:    Therighttoexerciseperemptorychallengesiscentraltosafeguardingadefendant'srighttoafairtrial.Unlesscounselispermittedduringvoirdiretoassistthecourtinprobingforbias,animpartialjurymaynotbeselectedandaninnocentpersonmayendupbeingconvicted.8   A [_T]he_Ԁperemptorychallengeisacriticalsafeguardoftherighttoafairtrialbeforeanimpartialjury...."Peoplev.Williams(1981)29Cal.3d392,405[174 `&!, Cal.Rptr.317,628P.2d869]. (#(# 8   A Likewise,theimproperrefusalbythetrialcourttoallowcounseltoposequestionsreasonablydesignedtoassistinintelligentlyexercisingperemptorychallengesmayconstitutereversibleerror.SeePeoplev.Williams, *H&2 supra,29Cal.3d392,407-408,410,412.Peoplev.Diaz, + '3 supraat932. (#(#  .*7 RemediesforJurorConcealmentofBias:    Bettertoprobeforconcealmentofbiasandchallengethejurorthantolethimorhersneakintothejurybox.Ifavenireperson'sconcealmentofbiasisdiscoveredafterimpanelmentbutbeforetheverdict,heorsheshouldbereplacedbythecourt.Ifsuchconcealmentgoesundiscovereduntilaftertheverdictisrendered,anewtrialmustbeorderedunlessthepresumptionofprejudiceisrebutted.8   A Ajuror'smisconductisgoodcausewhich,undertheprovisionsofeithersection1089or1123,maypermitthecourttoreplacehimorherwithanalternate,orifthereisnoalternate,dischargethejury,impanelanewone,andretrythecause.Peoplev.Guzman(1997)66 P Cal.App.3d549,559,Diaz,supra,atp.934.)(#(# @% B.WITNESSBIAS `    Whenpercipientorexpertwitnessesareprobedandfoundto  possessbiasfororagainstthedefendant,theyarenottreatedinthesamefashionasaprospectivejuror.Theycannotbebannedfromthetrialorpreventedfromtestifying.  Awitness'sbiasedtestimonyisadmissible,buttheweightaccordedtosuchtestimonyistobediscountedbythetrieroffact.Acriminaldefendanthasa6thAmendmentconfrontationrightto !& crossexamineawitnesstoexposetheirbiases.(Davisv.Alaska P#( (1974)415U.S.308,317318.)Acriminaldefendantmustbeaffordedwidelatitudeincrossexamininganadversewitnessinordertoebringsuchinformation tot  outintheopen.  (  People  v. '8#.  _Belmontes_(1988)45Cal.3d744,780.)       he  p)$0   Byanalogy,thesamepresumptionofbiasspokenofintheDiaz *H&2 casewithregardtoprospectivejurorswhohavebeenthevictimofthesameorsimilarcrimeasthatchargedinthecaseonwhichthey .X)6 areaskedtoserveasjurorscanbeappliedtoapercipientor  expertwitness.Anywitness(nomatterhowprestigiousoreducated)whoattemptstotestifyinacriminaltrialshouldbepresumedtobebiasedagainstthedefendant,wheresuchwitnesshasbeenvictimizedinasimilarfashiontothatallegedbythecurrentvictim.Theremedyistoallowthejurorstolearnofthisbiasandevaluateitindeterminingcredibility.Thus,inkeepingwithhis6thAmendment  0  constitutionalrightofconfrontation,defendantrequeststhathebeaffordedwidelatitudeincrossexamining___________toexposehisorherbias.@@@& V.CONCLUSION P   Basedontheforegoingdiscussion,thecourtshouldfashion  remediesappropriatetothiscasebasedontheexposureofbiasthathasoccurred.  Ifthebiashasbeendiscoveredinaprospectivejuror,theremedycouldinvolveremovaloranewtrial.Ifthebiasisdiscoveredinawitness,thejuryshouldbeinformedofthebiasbycrossexaminationorotherformsofevidence.  Dated:    I  @ $    A     I Respectfullysubmitted,     A     I ____________________________ Y  !  $  `&!,    A     I AttorneyforDefendant