WPC %JܛO>W&@6+`oFQLĨI(dρ\zN*ij=:+$:yAp3VPէKُSb5bot,⺗r@vwZ.ϐaSw: Hg+\O`D7;5hrN;hV 8{TㅣhE Qi.y3w )蠣EGR!v*FjtAC}W_V^7%i/D,!EݲRo*VwSgA1mHӜiۉRYz uc:O\?P\Qݾ ~́\&[g@e#UNO % 0: @ o @ n!ox!@ ;9oE9@ KowL@ {kok^ fwr4v m A 0VQQ D- 0Kԇ\\officeserver\HP DesignJet 500 24+HPGL2 Card"&"&0(9 Z6Times New Roman RegularX($USUS., WPC3(.3(.! 3(.,ƚl~A  0 ;  UE ;,--8m m 0R 0R m  "` 8 " "--',-- @ !o6I--',- . @Times New Roman- 2 FORENSIC FACTORS5E@;E6@.EA9E@5-  2 ,  ,"System- ',-- @ !p--',- . @Times New Roman- 2 SECRECY5@EEAEE-  2 S  5- ',-- @ !x-I--',- . @Times New Roman-  2 E_  *- ',--8i   i i     --',--8` ` ` I--',--8m m R R m  ` 68 --',-- @ !x~ --',- .- 2 M7 MOLESTATIONI<33,-33<8-  2 Ms  +- ',-- @ !xWI--',- .- 2 MMFALSE ALLEGATION)83,38434<23<8-  2 MV *- ',-- @ ! p--',- . @Times New Roman-  2 {t1..-  2 { - %2 {Interviewer assumes #3((.(C(&.##2M(#- - !2 tsecrecy occurred.e#(('((..((3(&(3-  2  1- -  2 Kt2..-  2 K - $2 KIf it didnt happen#3333-33'3-  2 KZ- - !2 tits not secrecy.e#3.#((&(()-  2  1- -  2  t3..- '2   Secrecy is simply a 3((&((.##M3-.- - +2 time interval between a M(3((-.3(C('3-- - '2 story and an alleged #.(.-23.3.(.(3- - 2 S event.(.(3-  2 S r 0- -  2 t4..-  2  - '2 Suggestive interview- 32..(#.(3((-(C- - -2 # ting exposes the child to g3.(-2.#(#3((33-- - %2 tissues of secrecy.##3(#- .#((&((..-  2 U 0- -  2 t5..-  2  - '2 Suggestive interview- 32..(#.(3((-(C- - -2 [ ting exposes the child to g3.(-2.#(#3((33-- - 2 tnot telling..2.(3-.-  2 m 0- -  2 + t6..-  2 +  - '2 + Accusing parents cre- B((3#3-2.&(3#(&(- - (2 tates an atmosphere of .(#.2.L.#23'&(- - - +2 tsecrecy and polarization#(('((..233..((..3 @Times New Roman-   2 "  (- ',-- @ !  --',- .- 02 { 1. Child are told not to .A33.&(.32..- - *2  tell & to keep secrets.n(L.2((3#((&(#-  2   2- - 02 K 2. Secrets in general sug-.3((&(#3.(2((.#3.- - 2  gest abuse..(#.23#(-  2 7  0- ', WPC3(.3(.! 3(.hƚl~A  1 ;  UE ;,-- @ !o6I--',- . @Times New Roman- 2 FORENSIC FACTORS5E@;E6@.EA9E@5-  2 ,  ,"System- ',-- @ !x-I--',- . @Times New Roman-  2 E_  *- ',-- @ !.p--',- . @Times New Roman-  2 ct1..- !2 c Helplessness is G(3(##3(###-  2 c 1- - *2 tcommon in all children.(-LL.23.(23&(3-  2   1- -  2 3t 1- -  2 t2..-  2  - '2 Just because they're .3#3((.3#(3'-&(- - (2  thelpless doesn't mean 3(3(##3.(#3M'.2- - !2 k tthey were abused.m3(.C(&(-33#(2-  2 k ( 1- -  2 t 1- -  2 ; t3..- "2 ;  Children have an B33&(32..(-3-  2 ;  0- - +2 texpectation of aid from (-3((..3-.3 %-M- - 2 t authority..33.()-  2  0- -  2 s t 1- -  2 t4..- 2  Find the truth 8233'(33-  2  0- - 2 C t without biasC3-33.#-  2 C QZ- 2 C  multiple L33(- - 2 tpossibilities.3.##3(#-  2 K 1- ',-- @ !xWI--',- .- 2 MMFALSE ALLEGATION)83,38434<23<8-  2 MV *- ',--8` ` ` I--',-- @ !p--',- . @Times New Roman- 2  HELPLESSNESSK@@;@@55EA55-  2   5- ',-- @ !. --',- .-  2 c 1..- +2 c  Children are helpless.A33&(3.&(3(3(##-  2 cN  1- -  2   1- -  2 3  1- - 12  2. Children cannot resist .A33&(3(-32.&(##- - (2  adult sexual advances..23#(-3..2--3((#-  2   1- -  2 k  1- -  2  1- - .2 ; 3. Children think adults .A33&(3322.23#- - (2 will not believe them.C3.3((.(2(M-  2  0- -  2  1- -  2 s  1- -  2 4..- 2 AdvocateA3-.(.(-  2 l Z- 2 make |L.1(-  2  1- - -2 C others believe the child. .3((#3((.(3'(33-  2 C %  0- -  2  -  2  1- ',-- 8i   i i     --',-- 8m m 0R 0R m  "` 8 " "--',-- 8m m R R m  ` 68 --' ,-- @ !x~ --',- .- 2 M7 MOLESTATIONI<33,-33<8-  2 Ms  +- ',  WPC(.(.! (.Zƚl%@ ! + ;  UE ;,-- @ !o6I--',- . @Times New Roman- 2 FORENSIC FACTORS5E@;E6@.EA9E@5-  2 ,  ,"System- ',-- @ !x-I--',- . @Times New Roman-  2 E_  *- ',-- @ !p--',- .-  2 t *- ',-- @ !. --',- . @Times New Roman-  2 c 1..- "2 c  Children accommo-B33&(3.((-KL.- - (2  date abuse due to the 3.(.23#(23(-3(-  2   0- - $2 3 imbalance of power.hL3..3((-3-A( -  2 3  1- ',-- @ !x6I--',- .- 2 FORENSIC FACTORS5E@;E6@.EA9E@5-  2 ,  ,- ',-- @ !Fp--',- .- '2 Kt1. Children accommo- .A33&(3.('-LL.- - +2 tdate the bias of adults.3.(3(3.#--33#-  2  0- -  2 t 1- -  2 t2..- $2 Children naturally B33&(33.3(..- - (2 seek to preserve rela-#((2.3&(#((.('(.- - +2 S tionships with an alien-.3#33#B3-2.(3- - 2  ating parent..3-2.&(3-  2 ~ 0- -  2 # t 1- - %2 t3. Children accommo-.B33&(3.((-LL.- - '2 tdate suggestive ques-e3.(#2-.(#.(23(#- - "2 [ ttioning of adults..32.-.23#-  2 [  1- ',-- @ !p--',- . @Times New Roman- 2  ENTRAPMENT@E@EE;[@F@-  2   4- ',-- 8m m 0R 0R m  "` 8 " "--',-- 8m m R R m  ` 68 --' ,-- @ !xWI--',- .- 2 MMFALSE ALLEGATION)83,38434<23<8-  2 MV *- ',-- @ !x~ --',- .- 2 M7 MOLESTATIONI<33,-33<8-  2 Ms  +- ',-- 8` ` ` I--',-- 8i   i i     --',  WPC(.(.! (.ƚl%@  : ;  UE ;,-- @ !x-I--',- .',-- @ !Fp--',- . @Times New Roman-  2 Kt1..-  2 K - %2 KAppearance of delay B23(.(-3((-3'.."System- - -2 in all false allegations. 3..#(.(...3#-  2  0- -  2 t2..-  2  - (2 Denials in false alle-B(3.#2.#(.(- - 2 gations....3#-  2  0- -  2 t3..- '2 Failure to Report in 8.3&(-B(2.(3-  2  0- - "2 S tFalse Allegations.8.#(B(-.-3#-  2 S  1- -  2 t4..-  2  - *2 False allegations exist8.#(.(-.-3#(-#-  2   2- -  2 # t5..-  2 #  - %2 # Not credible simply B.(&(33(#L3.- - $2 means not credible. M'.3#2.(&(33(-  2  -  2  0-  2  1-  @Times New Roman-  2 t 0- 2  McMartin Q(Q.#3-  2 :.- 2 h hidden 322(3- - '2 [ subterranean tunnels. #33(((.3(-3323(#-  2 [  .- -  2 t6..-  2  - "2 Children's memory B33&(3#M'L-(.- - !2 + highly malleable. 3-3.L.(-3(-  2 + 8 1- -  2 t7..-  2  - (2 Children's acting out B33&(3#.(2--3- - "2 tbehavior has many 3(3-..&3.#L,3-- - 2 c tcauses.(.3#(#-  2 c  1-  @Times New Roman-  2 t (- ',-- @ !F --',- . @Times New Roman-  2 H 1.,- .2 H  Delay is caused by child @',,"',1"'12,'11- - (2  embarrassed to tell. 'H1,(',""'1,(-  2   1- -  2  2.,- -2  . Children do not report @11%'11,1,%'1,'- - +2 w abuse to preserve & pro-,11"',1%'#'','I1%,- - $2  tect family unit. '',I,12-  2 *   - 2 4 Denial @'1,- - -2 A is caused by child reluc- "',1"'11,'21%'1'- - 2 tant to tell.,1,(-  2 C  1- -  2 3.,-  2  - -2 All allegations are true. @,',,,2",%('1'-  2 b  0- -  2 p 4.,-  2 p  - $2 p Incredible stories "1'%'12'",('"- - %2 means abuse is real.H',2",11"'"%(,-  2 ~  1- - +2 : 5. Inconsistencies are ,"1',1"#'1'(#,%'- - 2 caused by abuse.',1"'11,,11"'-  2   1- -  2  6.,-  2   - -2  If a child has a history ",'111,",1#,',- - 12 i of lying, acting out or get-,,1,,'1,,2,%,'- - .2 ting in trouble, this is 1,1%,11'2""- - 2 3 caused by abuse.',1"'11,,11"'-  2 3   1- ',-- @ !6pI--',- . @Times New Roman-  :2 `"DELAYED, CONFLICTED & UNCONVINCINGE@@<EAEELE;@%E@@EPEEEKEF%FE&EK-   2 h  4- ',-- 8m m 0R 0R m  "` 8 " "--',-- 8m m R R m  ` 68 --' ,-- @ !xWI--',- . @Times New Roman-  2 MMFALSE ALLEGATION)83,38434<23<8-   2 MV *- ',-- @ !x~ --',- .-  2 M7 MOLESTATIONI<33,-33<8-   2 Ms  +- ',-- 8` ` ` I--',-- 8i   i i     --' ,-- @ !x6I--',- . @Times New Roman-  2 FORENSIC FACTORS5E@;E6@.EA9E@5-   2 ,  ,- ', WPC3(.3(.! 3(.ƚl~A 7 . ;  UE ;,-- @ !o6I--',- . @Times New Roman- 2 FORENSIC FACTORS5E@;E6@.EA9E@5-  2 ,  ,"System- ',-- @ !x-I--',- . @Times New Roman-  2 E_  *- ',-- @ !^I--',- . @Times New Roman-  2 3M1..-  2 3 - $2 3Retractions can be B((.(.3#(-32(- - 2 }true.*(3(-  2 5 1- -  2 M 1- -  2 kM2..-  2 k - !2 kChildren can say B33&(3'.3".-- - !2 }many things when L-3-32.#B3'3- - !2 ; }their world seem 3(&B.(3#('M- - 2 } threatened.3&(.(3(3-  2 5 0-  @Times New Roman-  2 M .- -  2 s M3..- *2 s  Adults should listen B23##3-32#(3- - *2 eto and evaluate retrac-.-23(-.2.(&((.(- - 2 C etions..3#-  2 C 7 0- -  2 M 1- -  2  M4..- (2   Adults should be neu-B23##3-323'3(3- - $2 { etral not advocates.e(.3.-3-.(.'#-  2 { . 1- -  2 M 1- -  2 K M5..-  2 K  - $2 K Adults should work B23##3-33B-(2- - "2 Mto find the truth.. 323((33-  2  1- ',-- @ !F --',- .-  2 K 1..- (2 K  Children retract sto-B33&(3&((.(#.- - .2  ries of abuse to preserve ((#- .23#(.2&(#)(.(- - 2  the family.3(-M)-  2 E  0- -  2   1- -  2  2..-  2   - (2  Retraction is an indi-B((.(.3#.233- - 2 S cator of abuse.(..&-.23#(-  2 S  0- -  2  1- -  2 # 3..- (2 #  Advocates should pre-B2-.(.(##3-333&(- - !2 vent retractions. .(3&((.(.3#-  2 &  0- -  2  1- -  2 [ 4..- *2 [  Advocates should keep B2-.(.(##3-332((3- - *2 children isolated from (33&(3#..(3 %-L- -  2 + non3-3-  2 + ? -- 2 + ] believers.3((.((#-  2 +  1- -  2 5..-  2  - %2 The advocate should =3(.2-.(.(#2-33- - (2 do everything to show 3-(.((.33-.#3-B- - -2 c the allegation is legiti- 3(.(-..2#(.- - 2 mate.*L.(-  2 k  0- ',-- @ !p--',- . @Times New Roman-  2 ( RETRACTIONE@@EFE@%KF-   2   4- ',-- 8m m 0R 0R m  "` 8 " "--',-- 8m m R R m  ` 68 --' ,-- @ !xWI--',- .- 2 MMFALSE ALLEGATION)83,38434<23<8-  2 MV *- ',-- @ !x~ --',- .- 2 M7 MOLESTATIONI<33,-33<8-  2 Ms  +- ',-- 8` ` ` I--',-- 8i   i i     --',Rf/, \VX/3|xUd`cb I&mage <=8C HKKKK(.3$ !USUS.,  )!dxdx( $ Figure  1  Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5 !USUS.,  _uZA1-b>6$0* `3(.@E6$0*6$0*ie$*u (#(#                                             @-(, uZA1-b>6$0* `3(.@E6$0*6$0*ie$*u (#(#                                             @-(, uZ A1-b>$0* `(.@E$0*$0*e`$*u (#(#                                             @-(, uZ A1-b>$0* `(.@E$0*$0*e`$*u (#(#                                             @-(, uZ A1-b>6$0* `3(.@E6$0*6$0*ie$*u (#(#                                             @-(,